What is the primary advantage of an axial-flow compressor over a centrifugal compressor?

The primary advantage of an axial-flow compressor is its ability to achieve a greater pressure ratio compared to a centrifugal compressor. This characteristic stems from the design and operational principles of the axial-flow compressor, which employs multiple stages of rotating and stationary airfoils. Each stage incrementally compresses the air, thereby allowing for a cumulative and substantial increase in pressure across the component.

The greater pressure ratio is crucial in turbine engine applications, as it contributes to improved engine performance and efficiency by allowing the engine to extract more energy from the fuel burned. In turn, this enables the engine to produce more thrust while maintaining a lighter overall weight, which is particularly important for aircraft performance.

While other advantages such as potentially lower fuel consumption, operating capabilities at high altitudes, and maintenance considerations exist, the defining characteristic that sets axial-flow compressors apart is their superior ability to achieve higher pressure ratios, making them suitable for a wide range of high-performance applications.